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Human Development Index (HDI)
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index that measures the average achievements in a country in 3 basic dimensions of human development:
- a long and healthy life, as measured by life expectancy at birth;
- knowledge, as measured by the adult literacy rate and the combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary schools; and
- a decent standard of living, as measured by GDP per capita in purchasing power parity (PPP) US dollars
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| The following table is an international comparison on HDI as taken from the "Human Development Report 2005" produced by the United Nations Development Program. Singapore is ranked 25th out of 177 countries in the HDI. |
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| Table 1: International Comparison On HDI |
| Rank |
Country |
HDI |
| 1 |
Norway |
0.963 |
| 2 |
Iceland |
0.956 |
| 3 |
Australia |
0.955 |
| 4 |
Luxembourg |
0.949 |
| 5 |
Canada |
0.949 |
| 6 |
Sweden |
0.949 |
| 7 |
Switzerland |
0.947 |
| 8 |
Ireland |
0.946 |
| 9 |
Belgium |
0.945 |
| 10 |
United States |
0.944 |
| 11 |
Japan |
0.943 |
| 12 |
Netherlands |
0.943 |
| 13 |
Finland |
0.941 |
| 14 |
Denmark |
0.941 |
| 15 |
United Kingdom |
0.939 |
| 16 |
France |
0.938 |
| 17 |
Austria |
0.936 |
| 18 |
Italy |
0.934 |
| 19 |
New Zealand |
0.933 |
| 20 |
Germany |
0.930 |
| 21 |
Spain |
0.928 |
| 22 |
Hong Kong, China (SAR) |
0.916 |
| 23 |
Israel |
0.915 |
| 24 |
Greece |
0.912 |
| 25 |
Singapore |
0.907 |
| 26 |
Slovenia |
0.904 |
| 27 |
Portugal |
0.904 |
| 28 |
Korea, Rep. of |
0.901 |
| 29 |
Cyprus |
0.891 |
| 30 |
Barbados |
0.878 |
| 31 |
Czech Republic |
0.874 |
| 32 |
Malta |
0.867 |
| 33 |
Brunei Darussalam |
0.866 |
| 34 |
Argentina |
0.863 |
| 35 |
Hungary |
0.862 |
| 36 |
Poland |
0.858 |
| 37 |
Chile |
0.854 |
| 38 |
Estonia |
0.853 |
| 39 |
Lithuania |
0.852 |
| 40 |
Qatar |
0.849 |
| 41 |
United Arab Emirates |
0.849 |
| 42 |
Slovakia |
0.849 |
| 43 |
Bahrain |
0.846 |
| 44 |
Kuwait |
0.844 |
| 45 |
Croatia |
0.841 |
| 46 |
Uruguay |
0.840 |
| 47 |
Costa Rica |
0.838 |
| 48 |
Latvia |
0.836 |
| 49 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
0.834 |
| 50 |
Bahamas |
0.832 |
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| Amongst the ASEAN countries, Singapore is ranked 1st out of 10 ASEAN countries in HDI. |
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| Table 2: Asean Comparison On HDI |
| Rank |
Country |
HDI |
| 1 |
Singapore |
0.907 |
| 2 |
Brunei Darussalam |
0.866 |
| 3 |
Malaysia |
0.796 |
| 4 |
Thailand |
0.778 |
| 5 |
Philippines |
0.758 |
| 6 |
Vietnam |
0.704 |
| 7 |
Indonesia |
0.697 |
| 8 |
Myanmar |
0.578 |
| 9 |
Cambodia |
0.571 |
| 10 |
Lao People's Dem. Rep. |
0.545 |
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Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)
The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) focuses on women's opportunities rather than their capabilities. The GEM captures gender inequality in the following key areas:
- Political participation and decision-making power, as measured by women's and men's percentage share of parliamentary seats.
- Economic participation and decision-making power, as measured by two indicators-women's and men's percentage share of positions as legislators, senior officials and managers and women's and men's percentage share of professional and technical positions.
- Power over economic resources, as measured by women's and men's estimated earned income (PPP US$).
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| The table below provides an international comparison on GEM. Singapore is ranked 22nd out of the 177 countries. |
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| Table 3: International Comparison On GEM |
| Rank |
Country |
GEM |
| 1 |
Norway |
0.928 |
| 2 |
Denmark |
0.860 |
| 3 |
Sweden |
0.852 |
| 4 |
Iceland |
0.834 |
| 5 |
Finland |
0.833 |
| 6 |
Belgium |
0.828 |
| 7 |
Australia |
0.826 |
| 8 |
Netherlands |
0.814 |
| 9 |
Germany |
0.813 |
| 10 |
Canada |
0.807 |
| 11 |
Switzerland |
0.795 |
| 12 |
United States |
0.793 |
| 13 |
Austria |
0.779 |
| 14 |
New Zealand |
0.769 |
| 15 |
Spain |
0.745 |
| 16 |
Ireland |
0.724 |
| 17 |
Bahamas |
0.719 |
| 18 |
United Kingdom |
0.716 |
| 19 |
Costa Rica |
0.668 |
| 20 |
Argentina |
0.665 |
| 21 |
Portugal |
0.656 |
| 22 |
Singapore |
0.654 |
| 23 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
0.650 |
| 24 |
Israel |
0.622 |
| 25 |
Barbados |
0.615 |
| 26 |
Lithuania |
0.614 |
| 27 |
Poland |
0.612 |
| 28 |
Latvia |
0.606 |
| 29 |
Bulgaria |
0.604 |
| 30 |
Slovenia |
0.603 |
| 31 |
Namibia |
0.603 |
| 32 |
Croatia |
0.599 |
| 33 |
Slovakia |
0.597 |
| 34 |
Czech Republic |
0.595 |
| 35 |
Estonia |
0.595 |
| 36 |
Greece |
0.594 |
| 37 |
Italy |
0.589 |
| 38 |
Mexico |
0.583 |
| 39 |
Cyprus |
0.571 |
| 40 |
Panama |
0.563 |
| 41 |
Macedonia, TFYR |
0.555 |
| 42 |
Tanzania, U. Rep. of |
0.538 |
| 43 |
Japan |
0.534 |
| 44 |
Hungary |
0.528 |
| 45 |
Dominican Republic |
0.527 |
| 46 |
Philippines |
0.526 |
| 47 |
Bolivia |
0.525 |
| 48 |
Peru |
0.511 |
| 49 |
Botswana |
0.505 |
| 50 |
Uruguay |
0.504 |
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| Amongst the ASEAN countries, Singapore is ranked 1st out of 5 ASEAN countries in GEM. |
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| Table 4: Asean Comparison On GEM |
| Rank |
Country |
GEM |
| 1 |
Singapore |
0.654 |
| 2 |
Philippines |
0.526 |
| 3 |
Malaysia |
0.502 |
| 4 |
Thailand |
0.452 |
| 5 |
Cambodia |
0.364 |
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| Source: "Human Development Report 2005," UNDP |
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